Thesisnetwork Design Plan Layout For Jhonamae Computer Shop

University of the EastCollege of Computer Studies and System NETWORK DESIGN Idea LAYOUTForJHONAMAE Computer Shop As a partial requirement in the subject ofSPECIAL ICT COURSEBSCS – 1T

Submitted byCaminade, DanielCardano, Edrew S.Jonatas, Lee AndrewLaserna, Allan C.Magtibay, Adonis F. ———————-Submitted toProf. Jose Randy Velayo October 21, 2009ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to remark our sincerest gratitude and sympathy to those who extend their helping hands in the completion of this project, and also to those who, in one way or another, gave their intellectual and moral support.

It is our astronomical pride and honour to present to our beloved department, the College of Computer Studies and Systems our Project; we would like to thank, first and foremost, the LORD GOD for providing us his divine assistance all throughout the design and knowledge of this project. Our very supportive families that have driven us to proceed finishing this work and to our very supportive Professor, Mr. Jose Randy Velayo, who have devotedly giving his time and subordinate skill and constantly reminding us of our duties and responsibilities.

We, the people gradual this project would like to express our sincerest and deepest gratefulness to the company, JHONAMAE Computer Shop for being our source and basis in making this project and to that imperceptible value that has acted as our funnel and strength to continue this work in spite of the hardships that we had in making this project.

CHAPTER I

Company Background

JHONAMAE Computer Shop located at 929 Nicanor Reyes St. Brgy. 395

Sampaloc, Metro Manila It was established on the 23 of February 2006 and was

renewed its licence on the same date: 23 of February 2009.

The JHONAMAE is owned by Mr. Joselito Bercasio Uy. It was started with the amount of Php 200,000 loan guarantee with only 20 computers using Bus Topology in a 40 sq. m. On the first year of their business was really a tough one because few users of computer are renting because computers are not really part of our lives that time.

Then, after 1 year, 6 new computers and 1 inkjet printer was added to the shop. After another two years, 1 computer was added and all PCs have been upgraded to Windows XP plus a new 256 memory to each of the computer was installed.

Now they have a total of 27 computers all having Windows XP, 512 RAM, 80 gig hard disk; 2 printers, one for black hastily printing and one for coloured detailed printing; 1 Zyxel P-600 series modem; 1 CNET power switch with 24-port 10/100 Mbps and 1 DLinkEthernet Cable/DSL router with 4-port switch. Joselito Bercasio Uy turned JHONAMAE Computer Shop into a revolutionary internet cafe whose innovations helped shape the technology industry in Morayta, especially the FEU students. It has grown into one of Morayta’s best-known internet cafe with hundreds of satisfied customers.

Scope of the Network Design

• To study the network topology of the JHONAMAE Computer Shop only.
• To developed an efficient design of network topology for JHONAMAE Computer Shop.
• To developed a new layout of network topology for the possible expansion of JHONAMAE Computer Shop.
• To educate the owner regarding to the networking of the Computer Shop.
• The survey will not include any computation of all the cost.

General Objectives of the Network Design

• To have an exposure on applying the lessons learned in SICTC (Special ICT course) subject.
• To give us an experience in handling networked computers to conduct observe with.
• To have the essence of teamwork and camaraderie in creating a network design in our group.

Objectives of the Network Design

• To eliminate the errors encountered in network sharing.
• The view will make the shop function easily.
• The study will make the shop more attractive to the customers.
• The watch will compose the shop peep more spacious.
• The contemplate will give the owner enough space to manoeuvre easily.

Introduction

Computers today are the most useful form of technology that the people, especially students and professionals are commonly using today. With it’s vast innovations and an ideal tool for information gathering, many people were taking advantage of creating a business derived from the need of information gathering preferably, the internet, many businessmen are estabishing computer shops, which is popularly known as “Internet Cafe”. Today’s Web-based technology is one of the most mighty technology that the people are using for their research, projects, assignments, problems, some recreational activities, communications and other things that people might have deem of and do under the sun. When people needs technology at its finest, the first thing that we can give to them as an advice is to use a computer with a network or as to say that they should use a computer with an internet connection. A computer shop today cannot be called a computer shop without networking, for instance, a computer must at least connected to a network computer, printer and an internet connection. A computer shop must communicate with other computers and it must be a client-server relationship so as to emphasize the network security within the computer shop. To sum up all the ideas on computer networking, Computers today are just like us people that should communicate and interact with each other in order for us to bag information and to help each other as we move on living on a high-level of improving-technology same as the computers that are networked in order for them to communicate, to share and to explore even the farthest information that they could get around the globe.

Theoretical Background

Network – is basically all of the components (hardware and software) involved in connecting computers and applications across small and large distances. Networks are used to provide easy access to information, thus increasing productivity for users.

Network Characteristics

The following characteristics should be considered in network compose and ongoing maintenance:

 Cost Includes the cost of the network components, their installation, and their ongoing maintenance.

 Security Includes the protection of the network components and the data they contain and/or the data transmitted between them.

 Speed Includes how expeditiously data is transmitted between network end points (the data rate).

 Topology Describes the physical cabling layout and the logical way data moves between components.

 Scalability Defines how well the network can adapt to new growth, including new users, applications, and network components.

 Reliability Defines the reliability of the network components and the connectivity between them. Mean time between failures (MTBF) is a measurement commonly used to indicate the likelihood of a component failing.

 Availability Measures the likelihood of the network being available to the users, where downtime occurs when the network is not available because of an outage or scheduled maintenance. Availability is typically measured in a percentage based on the number of minutes that exist in a year. Therefore, uptime would be the number of minutes the network is available divided by the number of minutes in a year.

Local position networks (LANs) – are used to connect networking devices that are in a very close geographic state, such as a floor of a building, a building itself, or within a campus environment. In a LAN, you’ll find PCs, file servers, hubs, bridges, switches, routers, multilayer switches, roar gateways, firewalls, and other devices.

Wide area networks (WANs) – are used to connect LANs together. Typically, WANs are old-fashioned when the LANs that must be connected are separated by a large distance.

Network Topologies

 A point-to-point topology uses a single connection between two devices and is typically used in WAN environments. In a star topology, a central device makes many point-to-point connections to other devices. A 10BaseT hub is an example of a central procedure in a star topology. A bus topology uses a single connection between all devices; Ethernet 10Base5 is an example of this topology. A ring topology connects one device to the next, where the last device is connected to the first. FDDI is an example of a ring topology.

 A physical topology defines how the computing devices are physically cabled together. A logical topology describes the method by which devices communicate across a physical topology. The two topologies can vary with the network technology/standard stale.

 Meshing generically describes how devices are connected. In a partially meshed network, not every device has a connection to every other device. In a fully meshed network, each device is connected to all other devices.

McGraw.Hill.Cisco.Certified.Network.Associate.Study.Guide.Exam.640802.Apr.2008.eBook-DDU

Bus Topology – Bus networks (not to be confused with the system bus of a computer) exercise a common backbone to connect all devices. A single cable, the backbone functions as a shared communication medium that devices place or tap into with an interface connector. A device wanting to communicate with another device on the network sends a broadcast message onto the wire that all other devices see, but only the intended recipient actually accepts and processes the message.Bus Network Topology

Ring Topology – In a ring network, every device has exactly two neighbours for communication purposes. All messages travel through a ring in the same direction (either “clockwise” or “counter clockwise”). A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down the entire network.Ring Network Topology

Star Topology -Many home networks use the star topology. A star network features a central connection point called a “hub” that may be a hub, switch or router. Devices typically connect to the hub with Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet. Compared to the bus topology, a star network generally requires more cable, but a failure in any star network cable will only remove down one computer’s network access and not the entire LAN. (If the hub fails, however, the entire network also fails.)Star Network Topology

Tree topologies – integrate multiple star topologies together onto a bus. In its simplest acquire, only hub devices connect directly to the tree bus, and each hub functions as the “root” of a tree of devices. This bus/star hybrid approach supports future expandability of the network much better than a bus (limited in the number of devices due to the broadcast traffic it generates) or a star (limited by the number of hub connection points) alone.Tree Network Topology

Mesh topologies – involve the concept of routes. Unlike each of the previous topologies, messages sent on a mesh network can take any of several possible paths from source to destination. (Seize that even in a ring, although two cable paths exist, messages can only recede in one direction.) Some WANs, most notably the Internet, employ mesh routing. A mesh network in which every device connects to every other is called a full mesh. As shown in the illustration below, partial mesh networks also exist in which some devices connect only indirectly to others.Mesh Network Topologyhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/networkdesign/a/topologies.htm/02-23-09

Common Types of Computer Networks

Written by: Frank J Klein – CIO

Computer network design can range from simple to very complex. Networking can be as simple as connecting two computers, or a computer and a printer, while more complex networks can involve the connection of millions of computers and devices. Below is a brief outline of different computer network types.

Personal Area Network (PAN)

The smallest type of network, a PAN simply involves connecting one person’s computer to a number of devices or peripherals. Usually, all devices, such as printers, PDAs, and telephones, are within a few feet of the computer. A PAN can also refer to a connection to the internet.

Local Area Network (LAN)

If you have a home network with two or more computers or you are connected to other computers at your workplace, then you are on a LAN. LANs are ideal for networking in a diminutive geographical area and can either work with cables and hubs, or wirelessly. They allow for the speedy transfer of data — up to 10Gbit/s. Most LANs are based on Ethernet technology. Wireless Local Area Networks are known as WLANs.

Campus Residence Network (CAN)

CANs are so called because they are ideal for universities, but are also found in industrial facilities where networks in a number of buildings need to be connected. This is usually accomplished through bridging and routing. Again, most CANs are based on Ethernet technology.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A MAN usually consists of a number of interconnected LANs and WANs, but will not extend beyond the boundaries of a town, city, or metropolitan area. These are often operated at public utilities and are used by many businesses and individuals.

MAN technology has developed significantly in modern years with smaller networks within a MAN often interconnected wirelessly using radio, microwave or infra-red laser links.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

The WAN is the next step up from the MAN because it can cross metropolitan or even national boundaries. The best known WAN is the internet and, like all WANs, it uses routers and public communication links to carry data. While the internet is open to all, many WANs are run by private companies and are restricted.

These are five types of networks that most users will come across daily — maybe not even realizing it! However, there are more network type, ranging from the Desktop Region Network (DAN) to the much, much bigger Global Area Network (GAN). http://www.relativitycorp.com/networkdesign/article3.html

Chapter I – Introduction

CHAPTER II

How to Secure Your Wireless Network

Written by: Frank J Klein – CIO

Wireless technology has revolutionized home networking in the past few years. However, because of increasing signal strength, wireless signals will often extend farther than the boundaries of your home and may be picked up by other computers — sometimes as much as two or three blocks away! Because of this, it’s essential that you secure your wireless network properly. The following are tips on how to do this.

The first and easiest task is turn firewalls on. This includes computers on the wireless network as well as on your router. Almost all computers with wireless capabilities will have the option to turn on and off a firewall. Make sure that each computer has its own current user name and password.

All wireless routers, via a standard IP address, allow you access and spot up the equipment. Here, you enter your network address and other important information. Be positive to change the default username and password that allows you to access this page.

Every computer accessing a wireless router will have a MAC address. One technique to secure your network is to only allow computers with sure MAC addresses to access the network. If you only have a few computers, this shouldn’t be a time intelligent process.

Every router broadcasts data that includes an ID known as an SSID. This network name will appear when someone is in range of a wireless network. While this might be helpful for a public internet connection, it’s not needed on your personal network. If a router doesn’t broadcast it’s SSID, your network is essentially invisible.

All wireless routers allow data sent over the network to be encrypted. Encryption standards are getting much better. But, they can still be broken by a determined hacker.

If possible, position your router somewhere in your home where the signal will not travel too far beyond the boundaries of your home. Try to avoid setting the router near a window that looks over a street or public place. Turn your router off completely if you are going to be out of town for more than two days.

Too many people overlook the importance of securing their wireless networks. The steps outlined above should not long to implement and will go a long way towards thwarting hackers and giving you piece of mind.http://www.relativitycorp.com/networkdesign/article6.html

If you want to set up your bear network, and you have multiple computers, you will need to set up a router. Cable (wired) routers, while level-headed legitimate, are quickly becoming obsolete so this article focuses on wireless routers.

Most retail wireless routers will cover a large area in your home or office. However, to cut down on cable usage, you may want to place the router as close to your modem as possible. Your modem will have a phone line connection so it will be less mobile. Ideally, you would want your modem and router to be one device. Many ISPs will give you a modem/router but you’ll have to request it.

Wireless routers have built-in installation software that you connect with and use via an internet browser. You don’t need an internet connection to configure your wireless router. In fact, you can setup a network without an internet connection at all.

To get to your router administration page, open a web browser and type the IP address 192.168.1.1. or look in your manuals if this does not work. Some routers use differing “administration” addresses. Once you reach your administration page (which controls the router) you will most likely have to login. The default user name and password for many routers is “admin” and “admin”.

A few settings you should change include:

1. The login information for the admin page itself (don’t leave the default user id or password)

2. Wireless security (remember to write it down)

3. MAC address security (better security but more time consuming to setup)

4. You network’s ID (SSID)

5. Whether you want to hide your network’s SSID broadcast

Once all this information has been input correctly, and saved, your router will re-start before the changes take effect.

Here’s where it can derive a little tricky. If you’ve turned off your network’s SSID broadcast signal, your wireless devices won’t recall up your network’s signal. That’s a trustworthy thing because nobody else will pick up your signal either. You will have to manually type in your SSID in each device’s network settings. Once you’ve setup a connection with your network’s SSID, you will be able to connect.

When you first connect, you will have to enter your security key — the one you setup initially in the router’s configuration. Your router will accept the key and issue you an IP address. An icon in the lower right hand corner will blink if you have a reliable connection — if you have a PC.http://www.relativitycorp.com/networkdesign/article10.html

Any small business that has more than one computer should have a network. A network allows all computers to connect and share data between each other, share an internet connection and share peripherals such as printers and fax machines.

The average small business network will require devices to connect to each other and access the internet. While many businesses still use wired local area networks (LANs), wireless networks are becoming increasingly popular. However, many modern businesses combine the two. Based on this model, the primary features of the network should be as follows:

Wired Local Position Network (LAN) – This will connect all desktops, peripherals and servers. It’s possible to make the connection via a hub. However, the best option is to use switches where information is only sent to the intended recipient on the network. Switches use MAC—hardware—addresses to identify where information should be sent. Because devices are connected by Ethernet cable, transfer speeds are generally very fast.

Secure wireless connectivity - Most original businesses make use of wireless enabled devices such as laptops and PDAs so a wireless access point can be a famous addition to any small business network. However, network administrators need to be aware of the security issues associated with wireless access points. In addition, transfer speeds over wireless will not match the high speeds of an Ethernet LAN.

Secure internet connection – All desktops in a small business should have access to the internet. This will allow access to the websites and email as well as allowing employees to access the network remotely. However, a secure network is essential for any small business so hackers cannot access sensitive information. This can easily be taken care of by using a hardware firewall.

The basic structure of the network should include internet access via a cable/DSL modem. This should be routed through a dedicated firewall way that protects the network before connecting to the main switch.

The main switch is essentially the central point of the network. Not only does it provide a connection to the internet, it provides a point for all workstations, peripherals and the wireless access point to connect to. All servers should also be connected directly to the switch and should be backed up by a standalone storage procedure to ensure that no information is lost in the event of an outage or other mishap.

This above is a general overview of a typical small business network. As wireless technology develops many small business are moving to wireless only networks. However, wireless networks will not match the speeds of a network using Ethernet cables.http://www.relativitycorp.com/networkdesign/article13.html

In the jargon filled world of networking, getting your head around the different types of hardware required can be a challenge. Bridges, routers, switches and repeaters — what does it all mean? This article takes you through the basics of networking hardware.

Hubs

A hub is a basic building block of any multi-device network. A hub is like a distribution point that interconnects a number of computers or devices. When a hub receives information from one computer, it can automatically relay it to other computers or devices on the network.

Bridges

A bridge is used to connect different segments of a network. It is similar to a hub in many ways but slightly more advanced. While a hub will send information to any computers it’s connected to, a bridge is more selective and will only send information to specific, assigned ports.

Repeaters

Repeaters are a considerable piece of hardware in larger networks where information has to travel longer distances. This network device receives information and re-transmits it at a higher power to reach destinations further away.

Routers

There are many different types of routers. A router is a device that handles the forwarding of information and data in the most efficient device possible. It is also a tool that is used to connect networks such as a Wide Spot Network to a Local Area Network.

For most of us, the most common type of router we see everyday is the router in our home that connects our home network to the internet. These routers can either be cable or wireless and can be old-fashioned to filter traffic coming in and going out.

Setting up your router at home will most likely be one of the first networking jobs you take on, and can be a little daunting the first time around. However, today’s networking hardware is powerful simpler to install, acquire, and troubleshoot.http://www.relativitycorp.com/networkdesign/article1.html

Putting it all Together—Part I: VoIP Network Design
August 30, 2005
By Mark A. Miller

So you’re finally convinced—perhaps for many reasons—that a VoIP network architecture makes sense for your enterprise. But how do you glue all of these disparate piece parts together into one cohesive, converged network? If you have been following this tutorial series, you now have an understanding of the International Telecommunications Union’s (ITU-T) H.323 protocol (Understanding H.323, Part 1, 2, 3, 4), the Internet Engineering Task Force’s (IETF) Session Initiation Protocol (Understanding SIP, Part 1, 2, 3, 4, 56), plus issues that effect the Quality of Service (QoS) of the VoIP connection (QoS Issues, Part 1, 2, 3, 4, 56, 7, 8, 9). Now it’s time to place it all together, and look at the produce and implementation of the VoIP network. This, and the next three tutorials will address those issues, beginning with the subject of VoIP network gain.

Let’s narrate the importance of the network design phase anecdotally. Suppose that you are responsible for your organization’s data network. This network has evolved over the years, and is now a distributed system, with sub networks in several cities that are connected by wide area network (WAN) links. Your upper management goes on a cost-cutting binge, and clamps down on corporate business travel, with the intention of replacing business trips with audio/video conferences. You are now charged with the responsibility of implementing an IP-based voice-and-video conferencing network across your existing WAN. But does the existing network infrastructure have the capacity to support this type of application?

The first place to commence would be to look at the topology of the network, and identify the number and theoretical capacity of all inter-node circuits. Next, you need to get a handle on the current utilization of these circuits, which may require the use of network analyzers and/or conversations with your carriers to determine the average and peak usage of each link. Make any measurements and/or analysis at different times of the day, week, and month, instead of just one reading, as different circumstances (such as month-end accounting) put different loads on the network. When you have finished with that analysis, take a look in the rear-view mirror, to discover what type of growth has occurred. Many network managers are surprised to learn that the uninteresting, steady growth of network traffic of a few percent per month can lead to a substantial increase when considered on an annualized basis. In other words, that T-3 circuit (operating at 45 Mbps) that you establish in unbiased last year may be getting close to its capacity during peak traffic periods. When you add voice and/or video into the mix, your capacity may well hit the red line.

To complete the growth assessment, you will need to get a handle on the amount of voice traffic that will likely be added to the converged network. Unlike data traffic, which is measured in bits per second, most telephone traffic is characterized using statistical models called the Erlang tables, which were named after A.K. Erlang, a Danish scientist who was an early pioneer in the study of telephone network design. These models are archaic for traffic engineering studies, and can be applied to a variety of voice-based applications, including PBXs, voicemail, and interactive voice response systems. Typical applications of Erlang analysis would be to calculate the number of lines required for a particular grade of service, the number of call agents that are needed for a given call volume, and so on.

Fortunately, there are number of both vendor- and third-party-developed tools to assist the network manager with these questions. One that has received high marks for several years is a station of tools called the Westbay Traffic Calculators from Westbay Engineers, Ltd. (Crawley, U.K.), with information available at www.erlang.com. Westbay has a varied customer base ranging from operators of local enterprise networks to the largest telecommunications carries in the world. Their flagship product is called Westplan. It allows analysis of existing networks and optimizes networks to suggest the most appropriate network facilities that should be deployed between networked locations. Other products include a suite of on-line traffic calculators, including the Lines to VoIP Bandwidth Calculator. This tool is feeble to estimate required bandwidth for a given number of voice paths through an IP network. Other calculators in the suite support Erlang models, call center agents and trunks, and much more. Many VoIP vendors also have network design guides specific to their architectures. Visit their websites and see what you can uncover.http://www.voipplanet.com/backgrounders/article.php/3530146

Create a simple Ethernet local area network (LAN) in your home.

A home network allows you to share an Internet connection, printer and programs between several computers. Connecting your computers via a local plot network or LAN is a great option if you have more than one computer that needs to be online at one time. You can even employ your home LAN to play online or LAN based games.

The most common network is an Ethernet wired network but, you can also choose to area up a wireless network. To set up an Ethernet network you will need to attach a physical layout of all devices that will be on your network. First, determine if all of your computers, printers and other devices will be in the same room. If so, you will need to settle a central location for your Internet modem and network router. Measure the distance between each computer and the router location to determine the length of Ethernet cables to buy. If your computers are in different areas of your house, then plan to drill holes for the cables to pass through in order to reach from the computer to the router. As you measure the distances between your computers and the router make sure that you follow along the walls instead of a direct path across the floor. You want to make sure that the cable will not run across the floor creating a trip hazard.

As you shop for network routers make sure that you look at options that serve the number of computers and network devices that you have in your home. Many routers will support only four computers or devices. So, if you will have more than that do definite the router will support the additional items. If you cannot find a router to meet your needs then you will need to purchase a network hub as well.

Make positive that you grasp RJ-45 Ethernet cables in the correct lengths for your network. You will need one cable for each computer to connect to the router and one cable to connect your router to the external modem.

After all devices have been connected, you can run a Network Setup Wizard on each computer using Windows. The wizard can be found in the Windows Control Panel under the Network section. The wizard will allow you to acquire a workgroup (all of your computers must belong to the same workgroup) so that you can share printer, applications and files across your home network.http://pcs.suite101.com/article.cfm/creating_a_home_network

Network router – is a small electronic device that allows you acquire a home network simply. The home router serves as the core or “centrepiece” of the network to which computers, printers and other devices can be connected. Networking with a router helps you to (for example):

 share files between computers

 share an Internet connection between computers

 share a printer

 connect your game console or other home entertainment equipment to the Internethttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/homenetworking/a/routernetworks.htm/02-22-09

Routers - are physical devices that join multiple wired or wireless networks together. Technically, a wired or wireless router is a Layer 3 gateway, meaning that the wired/wireless router connects networks (as gateways do), and that the router operates at the network layer of the OSI model.http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/routers/g/bldef_router.htm/02-23-09

Ethernet - is a physical and data link layer technology for local area networks (LANs). Ethernet was invented by engineer Robert Metcalfe. When first widely deployed in the 1980s, Ethernet supported a maximum theoretical data rate of 10 megabits per second (Mbps). Later, Fast Ethernet standards increased this maximum data rate to 100 Mbps. Today, Gigabit Ethernet technology further extends peak performance up to 1000 Mbps.http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/ethernet1/g/bldef_ethernet.htm/02-22-09

Internet today refers to the global network of public computers running Internet Protocol. The Internet supports the public WWW and many special-purpose client/server software systems. Internet technology also supports many private corporate intranets and private home LANs.http://compnetworking.about.com/od/internetaccessbestuses/l/bldef_internet.htm/02-23-09

Intranet is the generic term for a collection of private computer networks within an organization. An intranet uses network technologies as a tool to facilitate communication between people or workgroups to improve the data sharing capability and overall knowledge base of an organization’s employees.http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/intranets/g/bldef_intranet.htm/02-23-09

Client-Server – The term client-server refers to a popular model for computer networking that utilizes client and server devices each designed for specific purposes. The client-server model can be used on the Internet as well as local area networks (LANs). Examples of client-server systems on the Internet include Web browsers and Web servers, FTP clients and servers, and DNS.http://compnetworking.about.com/od/basicnetworkingfaqs/a/client-server.htm/02-23-09

Peer to peer - is an approach to computer networking where all computers share equivalent responsibility for processing data. Peer-to-peer networking (also known simply as peer networking) differs from client-server networking, where certain devices have responsibility for providing or “serving” data and other devices consume or otherwise act as “clients” of those servers.http://compnetworking.about.com/od/basicnetworkingfaqs/a/peer-to-peer.htm/02-23-09

Network protocol - defines rules and conventions for communication between network devices. Protocols for computer networking all generally exercise packet switching techniques to send and receive messages in the form of packets.http://compnetworking.about.com/od/networkprotocols/g/protocols.htm/02-23-09

Wireless networks exercise radio waves and/or microwaves to maintain communication channels between computers. Wireless networking is a more modern alternative to wired networking that relies on copper and/or fiber optic cabling between network devices.http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/wireless/f/whatiswireless.htm/02-23-09

For Chapter III – Questions and Answers and also some case studies

1. Know the IP addresses that they are using.

-in the pre-layout, it is provided.

2. List down all the troubles that they are encountering in the business.

2.1. Small space due to many PCs

Answer: proper placing of the PCs including proper alignment, and spacing of each PC that the customer uses.

2.2. Faulty wiring problems

Answer: proper placing of wirings using u-shaped nails (wire staples) to properly traced the wirings easily.

2.3. Printing queuing of files overriding.

Answer: provide networked printing system.

2.4. Customer cannot send message to the server.

Answer: no software for client-server messaging installed.

2.5. Network timed out.

Answer: its either the server is down or the proper color arrangement of the utp cables were not set properly in the RJ45.

2.6. Some websites were currently not available.

Answer: faulty typing of the URL or it is really the website itself had the problem.

2.7. The network printer won’t print.

Answer: It is not connected to the server, or it is really the printer itself had the problem.

2.8. In online gaming, when someone browses internet explorer, online games tiring, down.

Answer: Don’t play online games if there are someone who browses or vice versa or provide a different Internet service provider separately for gaming and for internet browsing same as the EXCEL Computer rentals (a famous computer rental).

2.9. Grounded wirings.

Answer: Provide electrical tapes for partially solving the scrape or creating well-insulated vicinity in the wiring of cables or buy PCs that you are sure that it’s wiring were properly insulated.

2.10. Computers were invaded by viruses even though the server has an antivirus that is being shared to the entire network client PCs.

Answer: Antivirus should be installed individually in each PC because customers hadn’t no time to scan their terminals if the PC Antivirus is just shared from the server.

Case studies:

1. Cannot browse the network neighborhood.

Answer: The network setup wizard is not performed its installation or you are not using cross-connect cable.

2. RJ45 connector partially inserted.

Answer: Push it thoroughly!

3. Missing terminator.

Answer: Properly follow/trace the terminator and its type of plug.

4. Cannot map a network drive.

Answer: It is not networked using network neighborhood or perform the network setup wizard to install the connectivity for the network drive.

5. Wrong UTP cable type.

Answer: Refer to the different uses of UTP cable types and its designated purpose then try again.

6. Broadcast storm (is a flodding of each network w/ so many packets that its switches were forced to drop their packets to maintain their buffers.)

Answer:

The Danger of Broadcast Storm and the Solution

If you’ve taken the Cisco Academy program or been in the network world for a while, you must have heard about broadcast storm.

Broadcast storm is a state in a network where a frame broadcast in a switch environment is continually being flooded through the network.

This is mostly happen in a switch environment where you have redundant connection between switches, remember that routers segment or isolate broadcast between networks.

Redundant connections are important if you want to create a backup path between switches. If one path fails the other will take over.
This won’t work out with switches that don’t have any loop avoidance mechanism.

This is how a broadcast storm can happen, I have two switches connected with redundant links and one switch connected to a client and the other switch connected to a server.

Then the client sends a broadcast, say an Address Resolution Protocol or ARP to find out where the location of the server like this, pay attention to the red arrow, pretend that the arrow is a broadcast frame sent by the client.

Remember the rule of a switch, a switch forwards a broadcast frame to all ports except the port where it receives the request.

The Switch A receives the frame and forward it to the two links it has:

The broadcast frame received by the Switch B from two different ports and forward it again to other ports including the port where the Server is attached.

But it doesn’t stop there, the frames are flooded again back to Switch A and back to the client.

From now on, help again to picture 2 then 3 and so on, this will keep going on forever until you shutdown the network.
This condition can also be called switch loop and it leads to broadcast storm.
Most likely you can find a question about this in the CCNA exam.

Luckily Cisco switches have loop avoidance mechanism called Spanning Tree Protocol or STP.

What STP does is eliminating loops in the network while allowing redundant links, the switches in the network will send out BPDU or Bridge Protocol Data Unit.

BPDU is like a boomerang send out to all ports in the switch. The BPDUs will disappear all over the network and when the switch receive the BPDU it sent, then the switch knows that switch loop is occuring in the network and will block one of the ports where the loop occured.

Actually there’s a set of session needed just to explain STP, there’s even books specialized to account for STP considering that STP is very important in a redundant network.

STP eliminates redundant links in your network that’s it, but if you don’t carefully design your network even if you’re using Cisco devices, your network will someday experience a melt down.

There’s a mammoth article about a network meltdown in a hospital related to STP that you can read here. In a hospital!! Man, that’s serious business, we’re talking about people lives here.
So the case study can be a essential resource for you, just read it.

This happened to me once when I went on a client. They’re just a small office kinda like SOHO, they’re not using Cisco devices, they just using network devices from Linksys and D-Link.

So they called me and said for some reason the network went down.

After checking the network for a while, no problem with the configuration and the cabling but still no connectivity.
Then after tracing all the cables – it was not exactly a neat cabling they have there – I found that one cable was connected ruin to end to the same switch which created the broadcast storm.

So the good of this story, it’s very easy to take down an entire network with just a single network cable, especially if the networks are using average home usage network devices .

No need to say that it is very important to keep the physical security of your network devices. You can’t trust the employees again nowadays.

3. Draft of pre-layout of the proposed network design.

4. The location of the network backbone (optional)

-no backbone

5. The solution to the problems.

-included in #2

6. The networking devices they are using.

-router

-printers

-PCs

-Switches

Using almost Php.500,000 for the capital, JHONAMAE Computer Shop, plans to have a unusual branch having 26 PCs for user and 1 PC for server, all having Windows XP, in a 50 sq. m. lot. The place will be come the school so there will be a lot of customer. The network structure design was still remain to a Bus Topology, since their company can feel more comfortable with it. The wirings will be placed highly using u-shaped nails to easily trace them, and so it won’t be affected by physical interferences. The rent for PC per hour will be Php20.

Breakdown of Expenses (Approximation based on pc buyer’s guide’s/PC City’s pricing)

1. PC per unit with LAN Card 300,000

2. Software/Windows XP/Server 15,000

3. Cabling Materials

 Straight through 1Mbps 1,500

4. Network Devices

 Switch LynkSys-16port 10,000

 Router Dlink-4potrts 5,000

5. DSL Connection (BAYAN Dsl 2Mbps) 3,000

6. Rental 20,000

7. Electricity 20,000

8. Maintenance 50,000

9. Other Expenses 76,000

 Air Conditioners

 Ceiling Fans

 Furniture’s

 Other Bills

TOTAL 500,000 CHAPTER IV

Bibliography

BOOKS

McGraw. H., (2008). Network.Associate, Study.Guide Exam. eBook-DDU

INTERNET

Client-Server. Retrieve March 16, 2009, from http://compnetworking.about.com/ od/basicnetworkingfaqs/a/client-server.htm.

Creating a Home Network Design a LAN Layout, Install Routers and Connect Ethernet Cables. (2007). Bennett K., Retrieve March 16, 2009, from .

Ethernet. Retrieve March 16, 2009, from http://compnetworking.about.com/ cs/ethernet1/g/bldef_ethernet.htm.

Internet. Retrieve March 16, 2009, from http://compnetworking.about.com/ od/internetaccessbestuses/l/bldef_internet.htm.

Intranet. Retrieve March 16, 2009, from http://compnetworking.about.com/ cs/intranets/g/bldef_intranet.htm.

Network protocol. Retrieve March 16, 2009, from http://compnetworking.about.com/ od/networkprotocols/g/protocols.htm.

Network router. Retrieve March 16, 2009, from http://compnetworking.about.com/ od/homenetworking/a/routernetworks.htm.

Peer to peruse. Retrieve March 16, 2009, from http://compnetworking.about.com/ od/basicnetworkingfaqs/a/peer-to-peer.htm.

Routers. Retrieve March 16, 2009, from http://compnetworking.about.com/ cs/routers/g/bldef_router.htm.

Wireless networks. Retrieve March 16, 2009, from http://compnetworking.about.com /cs/wireless/f/whatiswireless.htm.

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